17.5.4 Installing Programs Distributed in the General File Format
Among the developed programs, programs that are composed in the form of general source code or executable files other than the form of packages are not registered and distributed in the package repository, and those should be distributed and installed in a separate way.
17.4.3 How to Download from Internet Using GitHub
Finally, there are programs that provide source program in the GitHub. GitHub provides the tool that allows developers to securely manage the source code of development program in the process of developing, deploying, and later managing open source programs and manage versions of subsequent modifications from development to post-management. The programs that are managed here are kept in the GitHub repository, and you can always download and use the source code for those who need it.
17.4.2 How to Download from Internet with “wget” Command
We occasionally download and install programs directly from the Internet. In this case, you can also download the program directly from the web browser, but you can download the necessary program by specifying the URL directly in the Shell Terminal of Raspberry Pi. The command to use in this case is the “wget” command.
17.4 Obtaining Installer Program Source
The programs that can be installed on the Raspberry Pi system are provided in several types. It can be distributed officially through the package repository on the Raspbian operating system, individually downloaded from the Internet, or downloaded from a repository like the open source sharing homepage Git Hub. In the next, we will look at how to handle each of these sources.
17.4.1 How to Use Program Registered in Package Repository
The Raspbian distribution has a package manager system that systematically manages packages on the the system as a whole, which includes a package repository that has the informations about the installable programs list.
17.3 Checking Program Package List and Status
There is a way to check the program package list available in Raspberry Pi and check if the package is installed.
Among various methods, here are some examples of using the “dpkg” command. You can use the “dpkg –l” command to look up a packages list with a certain pattern.
17.2.4 Package Management Tool – aptitude
The “aptitude” is the highest-level frontend interface in the APT package management system, and is a package management tool with many features:
■ The “aptitude” command comes with a fullscreen interactive text user interface and a command line user interface.
■ The aptitude” command is suitable for package management tasks that require daily routine interaction, such as checking installed packages or checking available packages.
■ The “aptitude” command uses hardware resources heavily.
17.2.3 Package Management Tool – APT
17.2.3.1 Overview of APT Tool
The APT (Advanced Package Tool) is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system, which provides “apt-get” program. The tool supports a sequential installation task completely, can process data from multiple sources, and in addition, provides many other distinguishing features. In Debian, you can use this APT-based package management tool to handle package management tasks using the repository.
17.2.2 Package Management Tool – dpkg
The “dpkg” tool is the software based on Debian’s package management system, which is used to install or remove “.deb” packages and provide information about packages.
The “dpkg” package includes the various programs together needed to actually run the packaging system, such as “dpkg-deb”, “dpkg-split”, “dpkg-query”, “dpkg-statoverride”, “dpkg-divert” and “dpkg-trigger” as well as the “dpkg” program.
17.2 Package Management Tool
17.2.1 Overview of the Package Management Tool
There are several tools for managing packages in Debian. All of these management tools have features, so you can choose the one that suits your needs.
These management tools can be classified into various types according to their characteristics. First, it can be divided into several layers according to the processing function and complexity level of the package management tool:
17.1.2 Package Repository
The Debian-based distribution manages the basic program list information that can be installed and used on the system where the operating system is installed. This is called the package repository. The Debian-based distribution runs the package repository server on Internet and provides a package management system called Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), a tool for searching, installing, and manipulating packages in the package repository.